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Equipment with matched chemicals

For each equipment item we have matched substances from both catalogs that are used with it, and explained why each one is offered.

The selection is for guidance only. Process conditions and the compatibility of materials with a specific medium must be confirmed by a technical specialist.

Flow reactors

Microchannel and tubular reactors, fixed-bed reactors, mixers and pumps for flow lines, together with matched chemicals and catalysts.

FlowChem dynamic tubular reactor for hydrogenation

Models: FlowChem
Specifications: Pd/C, Pt/C, Ru/C catalysts in the bed; continuous hydrogenation, uniform phase contact

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Matched substances 11

Pd/C
Why: Main catalyst: nitro → amine, dehalogenation, aromatic aldehydes and ketones (reactions No. 4, 13, 16, 23 in the catalyst matrix)
Pt/C
Why: Nitriles → primary amines, imines, olefins (reactions No. 15, 18, 23 in the catalyst matrix)
Pt-Pd/C
Why: Selective hydrogenation of acetylene and of aromatic nitriles to dibenzylamine
Ru/C
Why: Saturation of aromatics; aliphatic aldehydes and ketones → alcohols (reactions No. 1, 3, 35 in the catalyst matrix)
2-(((4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)oxy)ethyl isobutyrate C₁₂H₁₅NO₇S · CAS 1354282-08-8
Why: The nitro group is hydrogenated to an amino group over Pd/C or Pt/C (reaction No. 23 in the catalyst matrix)
3-(Cyanomethyl)benzoic acid C₉H₇NO₂ · CAS 5689-33-8
Why: Nitrile → 2-arylethylamine over Pt/C or Pd/C (reaction No. 18 in the catalyst matrix)
Methyl 3-(cyanomethyl)benzoate C₁₀H₉NO₂ · CAS 68432-92-8
Why: Nitrile → primary amine; the ester group is retained
Terephthalaldehyde C₈H₆O₂ · CAS 623-27-8
Why: Aldehyde groups → 1,4-benzenedimethanol over Pd/C (reaction No. 5 in the catalyst matrix)
2-(3-Benzoylphenyl)propionitrile C₁₆H₁₃NO · CAS 42872-30-0
Why: Reduction of the benzoyl group to an alcohol over Pd/C (reaction No. 16 in the catalyst matrix)
5-Deoxy-L-ribose phenylhydrazone C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃ · CAS 123168-30-9
Why: Hydrogenation of the hydrazone over Pd/C or Pt/C (reaction No. 14 in the catalyst matrix)
Triethylamine C₆H₁₅N · CAS 121-44-8
Why: Base and acid acceptor in C–Hal hydrogenolysis (reaction No. 13 in the catalyst matrix)

BM PX S1010 microchannel reactor

Models: BM PX S1010
Specifications: 10 mL · up to 4 MPa · −20…200 °C · C-276 alloy

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Matched substances 7

Diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) C₆H₁₀N₂O₄ · CAS 1972-28-7
Why: Mitsunobu reaction in flow: DEAD is thermally unstable, and the small reactor volume reduces the risk
1,1'-(Azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine (ADDP) C₁₂H₂₀N₄O₂ · CAS 10465-81-3
Why: ADDP is an alternative to DEAD for weakly acidic nucleophiles, in the same flow mode
Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid H₃NO₄S · CAS 2950-43-8
Why: Electrophilic amination: fast exothermic mixing with precise temperature control
Di-tert-butylchlorophosphine C₈H₁₈ClP · CAS 13716-10-4
Why: Sensitive to air and moisture; a closed flow loop rules out contact with the atmosphere
N,N-Diisopropylethylamine C₈H₁₉N · CAS 7087-68-5
Why: Non-nucleophilic base for couplings and alkylations in flow
Triethylamine C₆H₁₅N · CAS 121-44-8
Why: HCl acceptor in reactions of acid chlorides and chlorophosphines
4,6-Dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde C₅H₂Cl₂N₂O · CAS 5305-40-8
Why: Fast nucleophilic substitution of Cl with amines under precise dosing

BM RSI C1009 silicon carbide reactor

Models: BM RSI C1009
Specifications: SiC · −15…180 °C · up to 1.8 MPa · resistant to aggressive media

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Matched substances 8

Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene Cl₆N₃P₃ · CAS 940-71-6
Why: Substitution of Cl in the phosphazene with phenoxides, releasing HCl. This route yields flame retardants such as hexakis(4-isopropenylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene
Hexakis(4-isopropenylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene C₅₄H₅₄N₃O₆P₃
Why: Target product of replacing the chlorine atoms of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with 4-isopropenylphenol
5-Bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid C₇H₄BrClO₂ · CAS 21739-92-4
Why: Conversion to the acid chloride and Friedel-Crafts acylation (route to (5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanone), in an acidic medium
(5-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanone C₁₅H₁₂BrClO₂ · CAS 461432-22-4
Why: Acylation product, a key intermediate of dapagliflozin
Hydrochloric acid HCl · CAS 7647-01-0
Why: SiC withstands hot hydrochloric acid: hydrolysis, etching, salt preparation
Liquid chlorine Cl₂ · CAS 7782-50-5
Why: Chlorination in an aggressive medium without reactor corrosion
Sodium hypochlorite NaClO · CAS 7681-52-9
Why: Oxidation with hypochlorite, including biphasic oxidation
Hydrogen peroxide 27.5% H₂O₂ · CAS 7722-84-1
Why: Oxidation with peroxide: SiC does not catalyze its decomposition

VXHSS1050 Star Mixer

Models: VXHSS1050
Specifications: 316L · −20…180 °C · up to 4 MPa · 9–36 L/h

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Matched substances 9

4-Vinylbenzyl chloride C₉H₉Cl · CAS 1592-20-7
Why: Quaternization with amines into cationic monomers for ion-exchange resins; requires fast mixing
3-Vinylbenzyl chloride C₉H₉Cl · CAS 39833-65-3
Why: The same for the meta isomer: polymer modification
Triethylamine C₆H₁₅N · CAS 121-44-8
Why: Forms quaternary ammonium salts with vinylbenzyl chlorides
Diethylamine C₄H₁₁N · CAS 109-89-7 Explosion-proof equipment required
Why: Amination of chloromethyl derivatives (4-(chloromethyl)biphenyl, 4- and 3-vinylbenzyl chloride)
4-(Chloromethyl)biphenyl C₁₃H₁₁Cl · CAS 1667-11-4
Why: Alkylation of amines and phenols; a sartan intermediate
Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) NaOH · CAS 1310-73-2
Why: Aqueous phase for biphasic reactions and neutralization
Sodium hypochlorite NaClO · CAS 7681-52-9
Why: Biphasic oxidation requires intensive emulsification
P204 extractant (di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, D2EHPA) C₁₆H₃₅O₄P · CAS 298-07-7
Why: Liquid extraction of metals: fast contact between the organic and aqueous phases
P507 extractant (2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexylphosphonate) C₁₆H₃₅O₃P · CAS 14802-03-0
Why: Extraction of rare earth elements, Ni and Co; scrubbing of the extract

Highly flammable amines (flammable liquids, Category 2) require explosion-proof equipment.

BPT6SC0030 microchannel reactor

Models: BPT6SC0030
Specifications: 316L · up to 5 MPa · −20…200 °C · 30 mL

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Matched substances 8

Monoethylamine C₂H₇N · CAS 75-04-7 Explosion-proof equipment required
Why: Boils at 17 °C. Under pressure it stays liquid, so amination can run with heating
Isopropylamine C₃H₉N · CAS 75-31-0 Explosion-proof equipment required
Why: A volatile amine; pressure keeps it in solution
n-Butylamine C₄H₁₁N · CAS 109-73-9 Explosion-proof equipment required
Why: Amination of alkyl and aryl halides
4,6-Dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde C₅H₂Cl₂N₂O · CAS 5305-40-8
Why: Substitution of chlorine with amines in the pyrimidine ring
Fenclorim C₁₀H₆Cl₂N₂ · CAS 3740-92-9
Why: Pyrimidine scaffold, substitution of Cl atoms
7-Chloro-2-methylquinoline C₁₀H₈ClN · CAS 4965-33-7
Why: Amination of chloroquinolines at elevated temperature
(S)-1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-chloropropan-2-ol C₁₅H₁₅ClO · CAS 1573000-28-8
Why: Reaction of the chlorohydrin with amines to give chiral amino alcohols
N,N-Diisopropylethylamine C₈H₁₉N · CAS 7087-68-5
Why: Base for halogen substitution

Highly flammable amines (flammable liquids, Category 2) require explosion-proof equipment.

Microbubble Mixer

Models: Microbubble Mixer
Specifications: Gas-liquid reactions, fine bubbles, faster mass transfer

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Matched substances 6

Liquid chlorine Cl₂ · CAS 7782-50-5
Why: Gas chlorination: microbubbles increase Cl₂ utilization
Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) NaOH · CAS 1310-73-2
Why: Hypochlorite production: Cl₂ + NaOH at a controlled temperature
Pd/C
Why: Slurry hydrogenation with H₂: gas-liquid mass transfer often limits the rate
Pt/C
Why: Hydrogenation of nitro compounds and oximes (reactions No. 23, 28 in the catalyst matrix)
2-(((4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)oxy)ethyl isobutyrate C₁₂H₁₅NO₇S · CAS 1354282-08-8
Why: Substrate for gas-liquid hydrogenation of the nitro group
Hydrogen peroxide 27.5% H₂O₂ · CAS 7722-84-1
Why: Oxidation that releases O₂, with control of the gas phase

VTRWHS0015 dynamic tubular reactor

Models: VTRWHS0015
Specifications: C-276 · −15…200 °C · up to 2 MPa · 1.5 L · 320 rpm · gas-liquid-solid

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Matched substances 8

Pd/C
Why: Three-phase hydrogenation: catalyst slurry, H₂ gas and liquid
Pt-Pd/C
Why: Selective hydrogenation in three-phase mode
Ru/C
Why: Hydrogenation of aromatics and ketones under pressure
2-(3-Benzoylphenyl)propionitrile C₁₆H₁₃NO · CAS 42872-30-0
Why: Hydrolysis of the nitrile in HCl or NaOH gives ketoprofen; C-276 resists such media
3-(1-Cyanoethyl)benzoic acid C₁₀H₉NO₂ · CAS 5537-71-3
Why: Hydrolysis of the nitrile to a diacid
5-Cyanophthalide C₉H₅NO₂ · CAS 82104-74-3
Why: Citalopram intermediate; reactions in acidic and alkaline media
Hydrochloric acid HCl · CAS 7647-01-0
Why: Acid hydrolysis; C-276 alloy resists HCl
Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) NaOH · CAS 1310-73-2
Why: Alkaline hydrolysis of nitriles and esters

VFBXSS2400 fixed-bed reactor

Models: VFBXSS2400
Specifications: 316L · up to 5 MPa · −20…200 °C · 400–800 mL · ammonia oxidation, hydrogenation

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Matched substances 8

Ru/C
Why: Bed loading: hydrogenation of aliphatic ketones and aldehydes (reactions No. 3, 35 in the catalyst matrix)
Pd/C
Why: Bed loading: hydrogenation of olefins and aldehydes, reductive alkylation
Pt/C
Why: Bed loading: nitriles → amines, olefins
2-Adamantanone C₁₀H₁₄O · CAS 700-58-3
Why: Ketone → 2-adamantanol over Ru/C (reaction No. 35 in the catalyst matrix)
5-Hydroxy-2-adamantanone C₁₀H₁₄O₂ · CAS 20098-14-0
Why: Keto group → an adamantane diol
Isophthalaldehyde C₈H₆O₂ · CAS 626-19-7
Why: Aldehydes → 1,3-benzenedimethanol
o-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) C₈H₆O₂ · CAS 643-79-8
Why: Aldehydes → 1,2-benzenedimethanol
Diethylamine C₄H₁₁N · CAS 109-89-7 Explosion-proof equipment required
Why: Reductive alkylation (reaction No. 10 in the catalyst matrix)

Highly flammable amines (flammable liquids, Category 2) require explosion-proof equipment.